Thuật toán bcrypt không được hỗ trợ trong thư viện lập trình C trên Linux là Glibc.
OpenBSD là hệ điều hành hiếm hoi đang xài thuật toán bcrypt để băm mật khẩu.
Không như Linux mã hóa mật khẩu để trong /etc/shadow, OpenBSD băm mật khẩu rồi để trong /etc/master.passwd.
cat /etc/master.passwd
root:$2b$10$VgsfJLPoqS7ocvoNvzymO.Xi05xDzyoExblrUWFkyNLI0vz.GoG7K:0:0:daemon:0:0:Charlie &:/root:/bin/ksh
daemon:*:1:1::0:0:The devil himself:/root:/sbin/nologin
operator:*:2:5::0:0:System &:/operator:/sbin/nologin
bin:*:3:7::0:0:Binaries Commands and Source:/:/sbin/nologin
build:*:21:21:build:0:0:base and xenocara build:/var/empty:/bin/ksh
sshd:*:27:27::0:0:sshd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_portmap:*:28:28::0:0:portmap:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_identd:*:29:29::0:0:identd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rstatd:*:30:30::0:0:rpc.rstatd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rusersd:*:32:32::0:0:rpc.rusersd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_fingerd:*:33:33::0:0:fingerd:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_x11:*:35:35::0:0:X Server:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_unwind:*:48:48::0:0:Unwind Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_traceroute:*:50:50::0:0:traceroute privdrop user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ping:*:51:51::0:0:ping privdrop user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_unbound:*:53:53:unbound:0:0:Unbound Daemon:/var/unbound:/sbin/nologin
_dpb:*:54:54::0:0:dpb privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_pbuild:*:55:55:pbuild:0:0:dpb build user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pfetch:*:56:56::0:0:dpb fetch user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pkgfetch:*:57:57::0:0:pkg fetch user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_pkguntar:*:58:58::0:0:pkg untar user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_spamd:*:62:62::0:0:Spam Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
www:*:67:67::0:0:HTTP Server:/var/www:/sbin/nologin
_isakmpd:*:68:68::0:0:isakmpd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rpki-client:*:70:70::0:0:rpki-client user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_bgplgd:*:71:71::0:0:bgplgd Daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_syslogd:*:73:73::0:0:Syslog Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_pflogd:*:74:74::0:0:pflogd privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_bgpd:*:75:75::0:0:BGP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tcpdump:*:76:76::0:0:tcpdump privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_dhcp:*:77:77::0:0:DHCP programs:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_mopd:*:78:78::0:0:MOP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tftpd:*:79:79::0:0:TFTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rbootd:*:80:80::0:0:rbootd Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ppp:*:82:82::0:0:PPP utilities:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ntp:*:83:83::0:0:NTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ftp:*:84:84::0:0:FTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ospfd:*:85:85::0:0:OSPF Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_hostapd:*:86:86::0:0:HostAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_dvmrpd:*:87:87::0:0:DVMRP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ripd:*:88:88::0:0:RIP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_relayd:*:89:89::0:0:Relay Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ospf6d:*:90:90::0:0:OSPF6 Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_snmpd:*:91:91::0:0:SNMP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ypldap:*:93:93::0:0:YP to LDAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rad:*:94:94::0:0:IPv6 Router Advertisement Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_smtpd:*:95:95::0:0:SMTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_rwalld:*:96:96::0:0:rpc.rwalld:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_nsd:*:97:97::0:0:NSD Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ldpd:*:98:98::0:0:LDP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_sndio:*:99:99::0:0:sndio privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_ldapd:*:100:100::0:0:LDAP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_iked:*:101:101::0:0:IKEv2 Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_iscsid:*:102:102::0:0:iSCSI Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_smtpq:*:103:103::0:0:SMTP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_file:*:104:104::0:0:file privsep:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_radiusd:*:105:105::0:0:RADIUS Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_eigrpd:*:106:106::0:0:EIGRP Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_vmd:*:107:107::0:0:VM Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_tftp_proxy:*:108:108::0:0:tftp proxy daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_ftp_proxy:*:109:109::0:0:ftp proxy daemon:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
_sndiop:*:110:110::0:0:sndio privileged user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_syspatch:*:112:112::0:0:syspatch unprivileged user:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_slaacd:*:115:115::0:0:SLAAC Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
_dhcp6leased:*:116:116::0:0:DHCP6Lease Daemon:/var/empty:/sbin/nologin
nobody:*:32767:32767::0:0:Unprivileged user:/nonexistent:/sbin/nologin
Cách kiểm tra phiên bản của OpenBSD thì đây
# uname -a
OpenBSD bsd.localdomain 7.7 GENERIC.MP#625 amd64
# cat /var/run/dmesg.boot
OpenBSD 7.7 (GENERIC.MP) #625: Sun Apr 13 08:30:20 MDT 2025
deraadt@amd64.openbsd.org:/usr/src/sys/arch/amd64/compile/GENERIC.MP
real mem = 2129526784 (2030MB)
avail mem = 2038632448 (1944MB)
random: good seed from bootblocks
mpath0 at root
scsibus0 at mpath0: 256 targets
mainbus0 at root
bios0 at mainbus0: SMBIOS rev. 2.7 @ 0xe0010 (242 entries)
bios0: vendor Phoenix Technologies LTD version "6.00" date 11/12/2020
bios0: VMware, Inc. VMware Virtual Platform
acpi0 at bios0: ACPI 4.0
acpi0: sleep states S0 S1 S4 S5
acpi0: tables DSDT FACP BOOT APIC MCFG SRAT HPET WAET
acpi0: wakeup devices PCI0(S3) USB_(S1) P2P0(S3) S1F0(S3) S2F0(S3) S8F0(S3) S16F(S3) S17F(S3) S18F(S3) S22F(S3) S23F(S3) S24F(S3) S25F(S3) PE40(S3) S1F0(S3) PE50(S3) [...]
acpitimer0 at acpi0: 3579545 Hz, 24 bits
acpimadt0 at acpi0 addr 0xfee00000: PC-AT compat
cpu0 at mainbus0: apid 0 (boot processor)
cpu0: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.10 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu0: cpuid 1 edx=1f8bfbff<FPU,VME,DE,PSE,TSC,MSR,PAE,MCE,CX8,APIC,SEP,MTRR,PGE,MCA,CMOV,PAT,PSE36,CFLUSH,MMX,FXSR,SSE,SSE2,SS,HTT> ecx=f7fa3203<SSE3,PCLMUL,SSSE3,FMA3,CX16,PCID,SSE4.1,SSE4.2,x2APIC,MOVBE,POPCNT,DEADLINE,AES,XSAVE,AVX,F16C,RDRAND,HV>
cpu0: cpuid 6 eax=4<ARAT>
cpu0: cpuid 7.0 ebx=f1bf27eb<FSGSBASE,TSC_ADJUST,BMI1,AVX2,SMEP,BMI2,ERMS,INVPCID,AVX512F,AVX512DQ,RDSEED,ADX,SMAP,AVX512IFMA,CLFLUSHOPT,CLWB,AVX512CD,SHA,AVX512BW,AVX512VL> ecx=18405fce<AVX512VBMI,UMIP,PKU> edx=bc000510<MD_CLEAR,IBRS,IBPB,STIBP,L1DF,SSBD>
cpu0: cpuid a vers=1, gp=8, gpwidth=48
cpu0: cpuid d.1 eax=f<XSAVEOPT,XSAVEC,XGETBV1,XSAVES>
cpu0: cpuid 80000001 edx=2c100800<NXE,PAGE1GB,RDTSCP,LONG> ecx=121<LAHF,ABM,3DNOWP>
cpu0: cpuid 80000007 edx=100<ITSC>
cpu0: msr 10a=2b<IBRS_ALL,SKIP_L1DFL,MDS_NO>
cpu0: 48KB 64b/line 12-way D-cache, 32KB 64b/line 8-way I-cache, 1MB 64b/line 20-way L2 cache, 24MB 64b/line 12-way L3 cache
cpu0: smt 0, core 0, package 0
mtrr: Pentium Pro MTRR support, 8 var ranges, 88 fixed ranges
cpu0: apic clock running at 66MHz
cpu1 at mainbus0: apid 1 (application processor)
cpu1: 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-11800H @ 2.30GHz, 2304.07 MHz, 06-8d-01
cpu1: smt 0, core 1, package 0
ioapic0 at mainbus0: apid 2 pa 0xfec00000, version 20, 24 pins
acpimcfg0 at acpi0
acpimcfg0: addr 0xf0000000, bus 0-127
acpihpet0 at acpi0: 14318179 Hz
acpiprt0 at acpi0: bus 0 (PCI0)
acpipci0 at acpi0 PCI0: 0x00000000 0x00000011 0x00000001
acpicmos0 at acpi0
"PNP0303" at acpi0 not configured
"VMW0003" at acpi0 not configured
"PNP0A05" at acpi0 not configured
acpiac0 at acpi0: AC unit online
acpicpu0 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
acpicpu1 at acpi0: C1(@1 halt!)
pvbus0 at mainbus0: VMware
vmt0 at pvbus0
pci0 at mainbus0 bus 0
pchb0 at pci0 dev 0 function 0 "Intel 82443BX AGP" rev 0x01
ppb0 at pci0 dev 1 function 0 "Intel 82443BX AGP" rev 0x01
pci1 at ppb0 bus 1
pcib0 at pci0 dev 7 function 0 "Intel 82371AB PIIX4 ISA" rev 0x08
pciide0 at pci0 dev 7 function 1 "Intel 82371AB IDE" rev 0x01: DMA, channel 0 configured to compatibility, channel 1 configured to compatibility
pciide0: channel 0 disabled (no drives)
atapiscsi0 at pciide0 channel 1 drive 0
scsibus1 at atapiscsi0: 2 targets
cd0 at scsibus1 targ 0 lun 0: <NECVMWar, VMware IDE CDR10, 1.00> removable
cd0(pciide0:1:0): using PIO mode 4, Ultra-DMA mode 2
piixpm0 at pci0 dev 7 function 3 "Intel 82371AB Power" rev 0x08: SMBus disabled
"VMware VMCI" rev 0x10 at pci0 dev 7 function 7 not configured
vga1 at pci0 dev 15 function 0 "VMware SVGA II" rev 0x00
wsdisplay0 at vga1 mux 1: console (80x25, vt100 emulation)
wsdisplay0: screen 1-5 added (80x25, vt100 emulation)
mpi0 at pci0 dev 16 function 0 "Symbios Logic 53c1030" rev 0x01: apic 2 int 17
mpi0: 0, firmware 1.3.41.32
scsibus2 at mpi0: 16 targets, initiator 7
sd0 at scsibus2 targ 0 lun 0: <VMware,, VMware Virtual S, 1.0>
sd0: 10240MB, 512 bytes/sector, 20971520 sectors
mpi0: target 0 Sync at 160MHz width 16bit offset 127 QAS 1 DT 1 IU 1
ppb1 at pci0 dev 17 function 0 "VMware PCI" rev 0x02
pci2 at ppb1 bus 2
em0 at pci2 dev 0 function 0 "Intel 82545EM" rev 0x01: apic 2 int 18, address 00:0c:29:29:a5:4d
ppb2 at pci0 dev 21 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci3 at ppb2 bus 3
ppb3 at pci0 dev 21 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci4 at ppb3 bus 4
ppb4 at pci0 dev 21 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci5 at ppb4 bus 5
ppb5 at pci0 dev 21 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci6 at ppb5 bus 6
ppb6 at pci0 dev 21 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci7 at ppb6 bus 7
ppb7 at pci0 dev 21 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci8 at ppb7 bus 8
ppb8 at pci0 dev 21 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci9 at ppb8 bus 9
ppb9 at pci0 dev 21 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci10 at ppb9 bus 10
ppb10 at pci0 dev 22 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci11 at ppb10 bus 11
ppb11 at pci0 dev 22 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci12 at ppb11 bus 12
ppb12 at pci0 dev 22 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci13 at ppb12 bus 13
ppb13 at pci0 dev 22 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci14 at ppb13 bus 14
ppb14 at pci0 dev 22 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci15 at ppb14 bus 15
ppb15 at pci0 dev 22 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci16 at ppb15 bus 16
ppb16 at pci0 dev 22 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci17 at ppb16 bus 17
ppb17 at pci0 dev 22 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci18 at ppb17 bus 18
ppb18 at pci0 dev 23 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci19 at ppb18 bus 19
ppb19 at pci0 dev 23 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci20 at ppb19 bus 20
ppb20 at pci0 dev 23 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci21 at ppb20 bus 21
ppb21 at pci0 dev 23 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci22 at ppb21 bus 22
ppb22 at pci0 dev 23 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci23 at ppb22 bus 23
ppb23 at pci0 dev 23 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci24 at ppb23 bus 24
ppb24 at pci0 dev 23 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci25 at ppb24 bus 25
ppb25 at pci0 dev 23 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci26 at ppb25 bus 26
ppb26 at pci0 dev 24 function 0 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci27 at ppb26 bus 27
ppb27 at pci0 dev 24 function 1 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci28 at ppb27 bus 28
ppb28 at pci0 dev 24 function 2 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci29 at ppb28 bus 29
ppb29 at pci0 dev 24 function 3 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci30 at ppb29 bus 30
ppb30 at pci0 dev 24 function 4 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci31 at ppb30 bus 31
ppb31 at pci0 dev 24 function 5 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci32 at ppb31 bus 32
ppb32 at pci0 dev 24 function 6 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci33 at ppb32 bus 33
ppb33 at pci0 dev 24 function 7 "VMware PCIE" rev 0x01: msi
pci34 at ppb33 bus 34
isa0 at pcib0
isadma0 at isa0
pckbc0 at isa0 port 0x60/5 irq 1 irq 12
pckbd0 at pckbc0 (kbd slot)
wskbd0 at pckbd0: console keyboard, using wsdisplay0
pms0 at pckbc0 (aux slot)
wsmouse0 at pms0 mux 0
pcppi0 at isa0 port 0x61
spkr0 at pcppi0
vscsi0 at root
scsibus3 at vscsi0: 256 targets
softraid0 at root
scsibus4 at softraid0: 256 targets
root on sd0a (95388f3b08f7bba9.a) swap on sd0b dump on sd0b
WARNING: clock gained 18 days
WARNING: CHECK AND RESET THE DATE!